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Roland Berger Trend Compendium 2050 People and Society

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Roland Berger Trend Compendium 2050, Megatrend 1: People & Society (2026 Edition), a 79-page consulting research deck from the Roland Berger Institute covering population, migration, education and labor, and values and culture through 2050

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Roland Berger
Roland Berger Institute
Trend Compendium 2050
People and Society
Megatrends

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Meginviðfangsefni

Roland Berger Trend Compendium 2050, Megatrend 1: People & Society (2026 Edition), a 79-page consulting research deck from the Roland Berger Institute covering population, migration, education and labor, and values and culture through 2050

Helstu kostir

  • •Data-dense reference on global demographics to 2050: world population rising from 8.2 billion (2025) to 9.6 billion (2050), 1.6 billion people aged 65+, and the global median age rising 5.2 years to 36.1
  • •Covers migration (304 million international migrants in 2024, 82.2 million internally displaced people in 2025, up to 216 million internal climate migrants by 2050), education, labor productivity and AI, and diversity, equity and inclusion
  • •A strong example of consulting slide design: every page has an action title stating the takeaway, a sourced chart, and a right-hand commentary column
  • •Ends with corporate action pages that turn each megatrend into recommendations for companies

Markhópur

  • •Strategy consultants and corporate strategy teams doing long-range planning
  • •Analysts, researchers and students studying demographics, migration and the future of work
  • •Presentation designers looking for examples of consulting-style decks with action titles and charts
  • •HR, DEI and workforce planning leaders

Notkunartilvik

  • •Pulling sourced 2025-2050 statistics on population, aging, urbanization and migration for a strategy deck
  • •Studying how a consulting firm structures a long trend report: section navigation rail, action titles, chart plus commentary
  • •Background reading for scenario planning and market-entry analysis
  • •Teaching material on megatrends, human capital and gender parity

Einstök virðistilboð

  • •Published by Roland Berger's think tank, the Roland Berger Institute, as part of its Trend Compendium 2050 series; this People & Society volume is the 2026 Edition
  • •Built on public sources (UN, OECD, ILO, IOM, IDMC, WEF, Cato Institute, Wittgenstein Centre) so the figures can be checked
  • •A consistent design system across 79 pages: teal and navy palette, a left navigation rail for subtrends 1.1-1.4, and footnoted sources on every chart

Glærusíður (79)

Ítarleg sýn á hverja glærusíðu, þar á meðal útlit, lykilefni og sjónræna þætti.

Síða 1
title slide

Trend Compendium 2050 - Megatrend 1: People & Society, 2026 Edition

Efni

Cover slide naming the Trend Compendium 2050, Megatrend 1 People & Society, with a 2026 Edition badge.

Uppbygging útlits

Full-bleed teal-tinted photo of a crosswalk with the title at left and a circular icon badge at right

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •teal photo overlay
  • •Roland Berger B logo
  • •2026 Edition roundel
  • •people-and-globe icon
Síða 2
introduction

The Roland Berger Trend Compendium 2050 focuses on stable, long-term developments ...

Efni

Explains that the compendium is a global trend study by the Roland Berger Institute (RBI), based on recent public studies and data and meant to be combined with Roland Berger's scenario planning approach.

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Large typographic 2050 with rising arrows at left and four bullets at right

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •oversized 2050 numerals
  • •gradient upward arrows
  • •bold-keyword bullets
Síða 3
overview / framework

... and explores seven megatrends that will shape the future development of our world by 2050

Efni

Overview of the seven megatrends (People & Society; Politics & Governance; Energy & Resources; Environment & Sustainability; Economics & Business; Technology & Innovation; Health & Care) and their subtrends, with megatrend 1 highlighted.

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Seven numbered columns, each with a colored icon circle and a stacked list of subtrends

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •seven color-coded icon circles
  • •highlight box on megatrend 1
  • •teal lower band
Síða 4
agenda

Megatrend 1, "People & Society", is the focus of this publication - The topic is explored in depth through four subtrends

Efni

Introduces the four subtrends: 1.1 Population, 1.2 Migration, 1.3 Education & Labor and 1.4 Values & Culture.

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Left navigation rail plus four large numbered icon circles

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •vertical section navigation rail
  • •numbered teal icon circles
  • •progress arcs
Síða 5
key facts / infographic

Population trends toward 2050 point to a myriad of changes worldwide, affecting regions as well as countries, their growth rates, and age structures

Efni

Headline facts: 1.4 billion more people by 2050 (8.2bn to 9.6bn), Sub-Saharan Africa's population almost doubling, nearly 1.6 billion people over 65 and 2.6 million aged 100+, India at about 1.68 billion in 2050, and median ages from 21.2 (Niger) to 56.7 (South Korea).

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Cluster of overlapping fact bubbles in teal and navy

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •five stat bubbles
  • •globe line illustration
  • •bold numbers
Síða 6
data visualization

The population growth rate is falling due to lower fertility rates, and by 2050, the vast majority of the 9.6 billion will live in less developed regions

Efni

World population rises from 2.5bn (1950) to 8.2bn (2025) and 9.6bn (2050), peaks at 10.29bn in 2086 and falls to 10.19bn by 2100; in 2050, 87% live in less developed regions and 67% in urban areas, the fertility rate falls from 2.24 to 2.10 and life expectancy rises from 73.5 to 77.0.

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Line chart at left, four pie charts in the middle, commentary column at right

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •S-curve population line
  • •four pie charts
  • •callout labels
Síða 7
comparison chart

Future population growth will stem from developing countries - Population of least developed countries is set to grow by 60% towards 2050

Efni

Between 2025 and 2050 more developed regions shrink from 1.29bn to 1.27bn (-1.0%), less developed regions grow from 5.71bn to 6.44bn (+12.8%) and least developed countries grow from 1.20bn to 1.93bn (+60.9%); over 75% of LDC populations live in poverty.

Uppbygging útlits

Three paired bar charts (2025 vs 2050) with percentage-change bubbles and a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •paired bars
  • •change-rate callouts
  • •footnote defining LDCs
Síða 8
data + drivers

Due to economic and social developments, fertility rates in developing countries are expected to fall, slowing their population increase over time

Efni

Fertility falls from 4.38 to 2.95 in low-income and from 2.51 to 2.17 in lower-middle-income countries, and edges up from about 1.5 to 1.6 in upper-middle- and high-income countries; the number of countries below replacement rises from 134 to 167, and the slide's callout puts it at 169 by 2050, 94 of them high-income; drivers are contraception, lower child mortality, women's empowerment and changing family attitudes.

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Arrow indicators and a stacked bar at left, a grey panel of four driver icons at right, and a boxed key takeaway

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •trend arrow circles
  • •stacked column
  • •icon list of drivers
  • •highlight box
Síða 9
map / geographic data

Between now and 2050, nearly a third of total global population growth is expected to occur in just three countries: India, Nigeria, and Pakistan

Efni

India +220.3m (+15%), Nigeria +121.9m (+52%) and Pakistan +116.4m (+46%) lead growth, while China (-152.3m, -11%), Japan (-18.0m, -15%) and Russia (-8.1m, -6%) shrink the most; also shown are the USA (+34.0m), Germany (-6m) and Italy (-7.2m).

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World map with labeled country callouts and a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •choropleth map
  • •country callout labels
  • •color legend for growers vs shrinkers
Síða 10
pros and cons matrix

Population growth entails chances as well as challenges - Making the most of human capital while preserving natural resources will be key to success

Efni

Four chances (larger human capital pool, market expansion, preventing political paralysis, easing budget pressures) set against four challenges (strain on public health, worsening poverty, conflicts over distribution, environmental damage).

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Two-row 4x2 grid labeled Chances (+) and Challenges (-), with icons

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •plus and minus row labels
  • •teal headers
  • •line icons
Síða 11
data table + chart

Within less than three decades, Africa's population will increase by roughly one billion people - Asia remains the world's population giant

Efni

Population by continent from 2025 to 2050: Asia 4,821m to 5,278m (+9%), Africa 1,532m to 2,448m (+60%), Europe 745m to 704m (-5%), LatAm 666m to 730m, Northern America 386m to 426m, Oceania 46m to 57m (+24%); India (1,668m) and China (1,266m) top Asia's 2050 list and Nigeria (357m) tops Africa's.

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Stacked columns at left and a table of the top five countries per region at right

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •stacked columns
  • •regional table
  • •color-coded region bars
Síða 12
small multiples

The global population pyramid is visibly growing sturdier in all regions except Africa, which has the highest percentage of young people

Efni

Population pyramids for 2025 and 2050 for the world and six regions show aging everywhere: Africa stays the youngest, Europe stays the oldest, and Latin America shows the most notable shift from young to old.

Uppbygging útlits

Large world pyramid with six small-multiple regional pyramids and a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •population pyramids
  • •age-band color legend
  • •gender symbols
Síða 13
data visualization

Different age cohorts also constitute different generational cohorts shaped by social and technological change and historical events

Efni

Generation sizes for 2025 and 2050 (e.g. Gen Z 2,039m to 1,946m, Gen Beta 129m to 1,931m, Baby Boomers 974m to 180m) and workforce shares (Gen Z 38% in 2025, Gen Beta 23% by 2050); up to seven generations will coexist around 2035.

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Clustered column chart above a workforce-share table, with a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •paired columns per generation
  • •workforce share table
Síða 14
data table + chart

Declining fertility rates and increasing longevity cause global aging - By 2050, the global median age will increase by 5.2 years to reach 36.1 years

Efni

The world's 65+ share rises from 10.0% to 16.0% and the median age from 30.9 to 36.1; more developed regions reach a median age of 45.1 and life expectancy of 83.9, less developed regions 34.8 and 75.9; there were 857 million people aged 65+ in 2025, doubling to 1.6 billion.

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Three groups of 100% stacked bars with a metrics table underneath (median age, fertility, life expectancy)

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •stacked percentage bars
  • •metric rows
  • •highlighted World column
Síða 15
infographic

All regions are aging, with fewer people of working age having to support a growing elderly population - Intercontinental differences remain significant

Efni

Old-age support ratios fall from 2025 to 2050 in every region: Europe 2.8 to 1.9, Northern America 3.1 to 2.4, Asia 5.8 to 3.1, Latin America 5.9 to 3.1, Africa 12.7 to 9.2; Europe's median age rises to 46.2.

Uppbygging útlits

World map background with six regional mini-charts of median age bars and pictogram support ratios

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •person pictograms
  • •ratio circles
  • •median age bars
Síða 16
comparison chart

Future retirement ages will rise in most countries - Demographic challenges increase the need for further retirement reforms

Efni

Prospective normal retirement ages range from 74 in Denmark and 70-71 in Estonia, Italy and the Netherlands to 62 in Saudi Arabia and 58 in India; the OECD average rises from 64.7 to 66.4 years for men.

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Stacked columns (current plus increase) for 16 countries with a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •stacked columns
  • •rotated country labels
Síða 17
infographic

Globally, the share of people living in urban areas is set to rise from 58% to 67% by 2050 - Highest growth in urbanization is expected in Africa and Asia

Efni

Urban share rises from 57.8% to 67.3% globally; Africa gains +13.3pp (46.4% to 59.7%), Asia +11.0pp (53.6% to 64.6%), and Northern America reaches 86.6% and Latin America 87.6%.

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Six regional tiles with city-skyline icons and percentage-point change badges

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •building icons
  • •pp change pills
  • •map background
Síða 18
data callouts

A closer look at a selection of countries shows that their levels of urbanization vary significantly

Efni

Urbanization in 2050 (2025) for selected countries, e.g. Japan 96.0% (92.3), China 89.7% (66.3), India 43.1% (35.7), Nigeria 83.4% (63.8), Niger 33.8% (18.4) and USA 86.5% (80.2).

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Six regional panels with skyscraper graphics labeled by country values

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •tower illustrations
  • •continent icons
  • •label leaders
Síða 19
process / comparison

Urban population growth is outpacing overall population growth, reinforcing the global shift towards cities

Efni

Cities of 50k-1m grow from 1.85bn to 2.42bn (+31.1%), cities of 1-10m from 1.22bn to 1.49bn (+22.6%) and megacities above 10m from 0.63bn to 0.76bn (+22.1%), while world population grows 17.7%; people in cities above 50k grow 26.8% to about 4.7bn.

Uppbygging útlits

Row-based flow diagram from 2025 to 2050 values by city size class

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •value pills
  • •arrow connectors with growth rates
  • •city icons
Síða 20
map

The growth of the largest cities will be most pronounced in Asia - By 2050, sixteen of the twenty biggest urban agglomerations will stem from Asia

Efni

Jakarta (41.9m to 51.8m) and Dhaka (36.6m to 52.1m) lead the 20 biggest agglomerations; megacities grew from 8 in 1975 to 33 in 2025, and Tokyo declines from 33.4m to 30.7m.

Uppbygging útlits

World map with city pins and 2025/2050 labels, a callout box and a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •city pins
  • •leader lines
  • •highlighted 'success gap' box
Síða 21
pros and cons matrix

Urbanization provides plenty of opportunities for growth but also faces numerous challenges in terms of its strain on resources

Efni

Chances and challenges of megacities across five dimensions; for example cities generate over 80% of global GDP but face high living costs, overstretched services, pollution, inequality and administrative complexity.

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Five-column matrix (economic, infrastructure, environmental, social, governance) with chance and challenge rows

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •column headers
  • •plus and minus rows
  • •line icons
Síða 22
framework diagram

Migration reflects the complex dynamics of people and society within a multi-layered set of factors that extend far beyond economic drivers

Efni

Nine driver dimensions of migration (demographic, economic, security, environmental, politico-institutional, supranational and others); five-year exit rates are 75% in the Netherlands and 67% in Germany versus 12.5-16% in the US.

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Central segmented wheel labeled Drivers with driver lists around it and a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •segmented donut wheel
  • •icons per segment
Síða 23
definitions + chart

Migration is a complex topic - Not every migrant has crossed a border, not every immigrant is a refugee

Efni

Defines refugees, asylum seekers, others in need of protection, other international migrants and IDPs; migrant stock rose from 250m (2015) to 304m (2024), +21.6%.

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Definition cards at left, stacked column at center, commentary at right

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •definition tiles
  • •stacked bars
  • •growth callout
Síða 24
data visualization

International net migration flows between regions are expected to be on a high level toward 2050 - This reflects only one of many migration aspects

Efni

Cumulative net interregional flows from 2025 to 2050 total +/-72.5m (Northern America +38.8m, Europe +29.8m, Asia -45.8m, Africa -18.7m); interregional stock is 152.2m and intraregional 142.2m in 2024; 82.2m IDPs in 2025.

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Three stacked charts side by side with a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •diverging stacked bar
  • •stacked columns
  • •color legends
Síða 25
ranking chart

By origin, migrants from India dominate in absolute numbers, while the US is the top destination - Middle Eastern countries host most in relative terms

Efni

Top origins: India 18.5m, China 11.7m, Mexico 11.6m; top destinations: USA 52.4m, Germany 16.8m, Saudi Arabia 13.7m; highest migrant shares: Qatar 76.7%, UAE 74.0%, Kuwait 67.3%.

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Three horizontal bar charts side by side with a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •horizontal bars
  • •value labels
Síða 26
dashboard

International labor migrants constitute the bulk of international migrants, and mostly higher-income host countries benefit

Efni

There were 168m labor migrants in 2022 (164m in 2017); 68.4% work in high-income countries, 87.4% are aged 25-64, and migrant employment rates are 68.3% versus 66.8% for non-migrants.

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Four-quadrant dashboard (bar, donut, stacked bar, pictogram) plus commentary

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •donut chart
  • •pictogram figures
  • •100% bars
Síða 27
comparison chart

Most international labor migrants are male and are employed in the service sector - In case of women, their service sector share is even higher

Efni

61.3% of labor migrants are male and 38.7% female; services account for 80.7% of female and 60.8% of male migrant employment in 2022, with changes from 2019 shown in pp bubbles.

Uppbygging útlits

Gender donut at left, male and female stacked columns for 2019 vs 2022 with change bubbles

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •donut
  • •person silhouettes
  • •pp change bubbles
Síða 28
data visualization

Labor migration is not only beneficial to host countries - Remittances often represent an important source of external financing for nations of origin

Efni

Remittances to LMICs rose from USD 535bn (2019) to a record USD 683bn (2024); India received USD 129bn and Mexico 68bn, remittances equal 45% of GDP in Tajikistan and 38% in Tonga, and average fees are about 6.5% against the 3% SDG target.

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Stacked column time series at left, two ranked column charts at right, commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •stacked columns by region
  • •ranking bars
Síða 29
data visualization

The vast majority of forcibly displaced people flee to nearby countries - Venezuela is the top origin country of forced displacement, USA is top host

Efni

Selected cross-border FDP groups reached 44.6m in 2025 (118m FDP in total); 65% are hosted by neighboring and 68% by low- and middle-income countries; Venezuela (7.6m), Ukraine (5.3m) and Syria (5.0m) are top origins, and the USA (4.2m) and Germany (3.0m) top hosts.

Uppbygging útlits

Column chart, 100% bars and two ranked stacked column charts, with commentary

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •stacked columns
  • •top-10 share callouts
Síða 30
infographic

Displaced in their own country due to conflict, violence, or disaster: In previous years, the number of IDPs reached more than 80 million

Efni

IDPs rose from 55m (2020) to 82m (2025): 68.6m from conflict (led by Sudan 9.1m and Colombia 7.2m) and disasters accounting for the rest; the infographic labels 13.6m from disasters while the text says 11.7m; conflict displacement flows hit a record 32.2m in 2025.

Uppbygging útlits

Column chart at left, two radial burst diagrams of top-10 countries in the middle, commentary at right

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •radial ray chart
  • •ring gauges
  • •column chart
Síða 31
data + quote

Without global action on climate change, over 216 million people may be forced to migrate within their own countries by 2050

Efni

Under the World Bank's pessimistic scenario there would be 216m internal climate migrants by 2050: Sub-Saharan Africa 86m, East Asia and Pacific 48m, South Asia 41m, North Africa 19m, Latin America 17m, Eastern Europe and Central Asia 5m; action could cut this by 60-80%.

Uppbygging útlits

Column chart with a large pull quote and a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •columns
  • •oversized quote mark
  • •World Bank quote
Síða 32
comparison chart

Migration inflows differ due to national immigration policies and appeal of host nations - Permanent migration is usually due to work or family

Efni

Permanent immigration to the OECD top 10 in 2024: USA 1.425m, Germany 586k, Canada 483k, UK 435k; family dominates in the US (61%) and Italy (61%), work in Japan (63%), and free movement in Germany and the Netherlands (47%).

Uppbygging útlits

Ten 100% stacked columns with flag roundels and totals, plus commentary

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •country flags
  • •100% stacked columns
Síða 33
timeline chart + list

Historically a favorite destination country, Trump's wide-ranging changes to immigration policies are expected to drastically reduce migrant numbers

Efni

US refugee ceilings and admissions from 1980 to 2026, with the FY2026 ceiling at 7,500 (lowest ever); US net migration may fall from a 2.7m peak in 2024 to between -10,000 and 295,000 in 2025, with policy changes including expanded travel bans covering 19 countries.

Uppbygging útlits

Line chart with shaded Trump terms at left, a highlighted box below, and a policy-change list at right

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •dual-line chart
  • •shaded periods
  • •teal headline list
Síða 34
text-heavy summary grid

Migration policy development in many countries show starker restrictions, third country processing trends, and a shift to more skills-based approaches

Efni

Country-by-country policy roundup: the EU Migration and Asylum Pact from June 2026, UK 30-month refugee protection, Japan's Zero Plan, Australia's anti-visa-hopping rule, Brazil's humanitarian visa framework and Tuvalu's climate visa (280 people a year).

Uppbygging útlits

Mosaic of light-teal country cards over a map background

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •card grid
  • •country headers
Síða 35
process cycle

The use of AI in all areas migration management promises to increase efficiency, reduce uncertainty, and improve decision making

Efni

AI applications across the four-stage migration cycle (pre-departure, entry, stay, return), such as visa chatbots, biometric checks and job-matching, alongside risks of surveillance and algorithmic bias.

Uppbygging útlits

Circular four-step cycle diagram around an AI icon with a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •circular arrows
  • •numbered stages
  • •AI icon
Síða 36
infographic

Educational attainment has come a long way - Staying in education longer is now the new global norm and still growing to 2050

Efni

The adult population with post-secondary education rises from 10% (2000, 4.3bn adults) to 19% (2025, 6.1bn) and 28% (2050, 7.7bn), while no education falls from 19% to 12% to 7%.

Uppbygging útlits

Three groups of graduate-cap silhouettes sized by share, with bullets below

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •scaled people icons with caps
  • •percentage labels
Síða 37
small multiples

The share of post secondary attainment is increasing in all regions to 2050 - Regionally, educational attainment levels continue to vary substantially

Efni

Post-secondary shares from 2025 to 2050: North America 39% to 48%, Europe 29% to 41%, Asia 18% to 31%, Latin America 17% to 25%, Africa 8% to 14%, Oceania 33% to 41%; one in four Africans had no education in 2025.

Uppbygging útlits

Six regional pairs of 100% stacked columns with continent icons

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •stacked columns
  • •continent icons
Síða 38
ranking chart

China and India are projected to continue having the largest highly skilled young workforces - Singapore and South Korea lead in relative terms

Efni

Post-secondary educated 30-34 year-olds: China 43.3m (2025) rising to 67.7m (2050), India 24.7m to 43.7m; by share, Singapore and South Korea reach 86% in 2050 and Angola 4%.

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Four horizontal bar charts (absolute and share, 2025 vs 2050)

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •horizontal bars
  • •large year headers
Síða 39
comparison chart

Across fields of study, the share of women and men varies significantly - In engineering and IT, less than a third of graduates are women

Efni

Women make up 79% of education graduates and 77% of health and welfare graduates, but only 29% in engineering, manufacturing and construction and 24% in ICT (global average, 2023).

Uppbygging útlits

100% horizontal diverging bars by field with a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •two-tone 100% bars
Síða 40
data visualization

Education is becoming more international as the rise in global student mobility shows

Efni

Over 6 million international students in 2023 (5.1m in the OECD), projected at 8.5m by 2030; the OECD share rose from 5% to 12%, led by Luxembourg 52%, the UK 23% and Canada 21%.

Uppbygging útlits

Clustered column chart for 2015 vs 2023 by country with a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •paired columns
  • •OECD total highlighted
Síða 41
ranking chart

Anglosphere countries are the most popular destinations for international students - Most international students originate from Asia

Efni

Inbound leaders in 2023: USA 957k, UK 748k, Australia 467k; outbound leaders: China 1,076k and India 834k.

Uppbygging útlits

Two horizontal bar rankings with a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •horizontal bars
  • •inbound vs outbound color
Síða 42
data visualization

Post-pandemic, global education VC funding has experienced a clear correction - Also reflected in the number and valuation of EdTech unicorns

Efni

EdTech VC funding fell from a USD 20.8bn peak in 2021 to 2.4bn in 2025; EdTech unicorns went from 35 (valued at USD 104bn) in 2022 to 14 (USD 34bn) in 2025.

Uppbygging útlits

Stacked column time series above two column charts, with a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •stacked columns by country
  • •-72% callout
Síða 43
survey results

AI has already entered the classroom, shaping how the next generation learns, works, and navigates an AI-driven world

Efni

Top student and teacher AI use cases (e.g. summarizing information, 45; brainstorming lesson ideas, 45) and concerns (plagiarism, 41-42; misinformation, 37; over-dependence) from Microsoft's AI in Education Report.

Uppbygging útlits

Two panels of horizontal bars (use cases vs concerns) split into student and teacher rows

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •labeled bars
  • •rotated row labels
Síða 44
scatter plot

Education is key to prosperity - While time spent in education translates into prosperity after a certain number of years' schooling ...

Efni

Scatter of years of schooling vs GDP per capita PPP (2023) for countries from Djibouti to Luxembourg; literacy went from 12% of the global population in 1820 to fewer than 12% remaining illiterate by 2023.

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Scatter plot with labeled countries and a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •labeled dots
  • •axis titles
Síða 45
scatter plot

... the same applies - even more strongly - to the relationship between educational quality and prosperity

Efni

Scatter of average PISA score vs GDP per capita PPP (2025) shows a stronger link between education quality and income, with Singapore, Ireland and Japan among the labeled countries.

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Scatter plot with labeled countries and a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •labeled dots
Síða 46
comparison chart

Education is beneficial for both the economy and the individual, as higher levels of education translate into higher incomes

Efni

Relative earnings by attainment in 2022: upper-secondary graduates earn 32% more than those without on the OECD average (index 132), and tertiary graduates in Chile earn about 420% more.

Uppbygging útlits

Column plus dot chart across countries with the OECD average highlighted

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •columns with dot overlay
  • •highlighted average
Síða 47
comparison chart

Although higher education leads to higher earnings in all regions, salary differentials widen over the course of a professional career

Efni

Relative earnings of bachelor's-or-higher holders aged 25-34 vs 45-54 in 2022; the OECD average for 25-34 year-olds is 185 and 45-54 year-olds earn about 85% more, with Chile's premium for 45-54 year-olds at 653%.

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Column plus dot chart across countries with a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •columns
  • •dot markers
  • •OECD highlight
Síða 48
dot plot

Higher levels of education also translate into better employment chances - Individuals with tertiary education are less likely to be jobless

Efni

Employment rates of 25-35 year-olds in 2023 by attainment; the OECD average is roughly 61% below upper secondary, 79% upper secondary and 87% tertiary (read from the chart).

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Dot range chart per country with a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •three-tone dots
  • •dashed range lines
Síða 49
line charts

The shortage of skilled workers poses a problem for many labor markets - One possible option is to attract skilled workers from developing economies

Efni

Annual net workforce inflows from 2025 to 2050: China falls from +4.1m to -11.4m by 2050 and Japan and Germany are negative, while India (16.2m falling to 3.6m), Nigeria (3.8m rising to 5.4m) and Pakistan stay positive.

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Four small line charts grouped as negative/mixed vs positive, with a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •multi-line panels
  • •endpoint labels
Síða 50
line chart

In many developed economies, annual working hours have been declining for decades - Generation Z aspires to reduce working hours even further

Efni

Annual working hours in the USA, UK, France, Japan, Canada, Germany, Italy and the OECD from 1970 to 2024, falling to 1,331-1,796 hours by 2024, alongside Gen Z's interest in a four-day week.

Uppbygging útlits

Multi-line chart with endpoint values and a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •eight series lines
  • •COVID dip in 2020
Síða 51
line chart

Labor productivity growth in advanced economies has been declining notably for some time - BRICS countries volatility range is comparatively high

Efni

Five-year moving average labor productivity growth from 1975 to 2025 shows G7 economies sliding toward near zero, while China, India and other BRICS are higher but more volatile.

Uppbygging útlits

Two stacked multi-line charts (G7 and BRICS) with bullets underneath

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •solid and dashed series lines
Síða 52
data visualization

Labor productivity in the age of AI: Academic studies confirm that generative AI can drive an economically significant increase in productivity

Efni

AI could add 0.41-1.28pp a year to US productivity growth depending on adoption speed (UK 0.39-1.27, Japan 0.16-0.82); task gains include writing +40%, software +26.1% and client support +18%; Acemoglu projects 0.7% TFP growth and only 5% of enterprises see above-zero returns.

Uppbygging útlits

Grouped horizontal bars over a single-series bar chart, with a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •slow/medium/rapid bars
  • •task bars
Síða 53
line chart

The effect of generative AI strongly depends on occupation, as well as adoption speed and quality

Efni

After ChatGPT launched, US job postings for automation-prone roles fell 13% and augmentation-prone roles rose 20% (Harvard Business School difference-in-differences, 2019-2025).

Uppbygging útlits

Two-line time series with a ChatGPT launch marker and a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •event marker line
  • •diverging lines
Síða 54
concept diagram

Values and culture are fundamental to people and society - Understanding their complex interconnection shapes our world view

Efni

Defines values (the why: underlying beliefs) and culture (the how: shared customs and behaviors) and how they interact.

Uppbygging útlits

Two text panels flanking a circular arrow graphic with a center statement

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •circular arrows
  • •large italic center quote
Síða 55
icon grid

According to the signatories of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, everyone is entitled to the 30 rights and freedoms stated therein ...

Efni

Article 2 of the 1948 UDHR and an icon grid of all 30 rights; all 193 UN member states have signed on to its principles.

Uppbygging útlits

Quote and bullets at left with a 3x10 icon grid of rights at right

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •30 numbered icon tiles
  • •teal quote
Síða 56
timeline

... and to the provisions made in subsequent important and binding treaties influenced by the UDHR - In reality, asserting these rights is often arduous

Efni

Timeline of core human rights treaties from the UDHR in 1948 through ICERD (1965), the ICCPR and ICESCR (1976), CEDAW (1979), CAT (1984), CRC (1989), the migrant workers convention (1990) and the 2006 disability and enforced disappearance conventions.

Uppbygging útlits

Snake-path timeline with year cards and a highlighted takeaway band

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •serpentine arrow
  • •year cards
  • •gavel icon
Síða 57
framework overview

In addition, UN Sustainable Development Goals 2030 are broadening the global consensus on values - A challenging blueprint for a better future for all

Efni

The 17 SDGs adopted in 2015, with 169 targets and 232 indicators, and 2020-2030 designated the Decade of Action.

Uppbygging útlits

SDG color tile grid with a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •17 SDG tiles
  • •SDG wordmark
Síða 58
dashboard / heatmap

Even though many SDGs are already being addressed in many regions, numerous challenges continue to persist around the world

Efni

A 2025 SDG dashboard rating achievement level and trend for each of the 17 goals across seven regions plus the world average (156 countries, population-weighted).

Uppbygging útlits

Heatmap-style matrix of colored dots and trend arrows

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •dot ratings
  • •trend arrows
  • •SDG icons as column headers
Síða 59
case examples

While global SDG progress remains uneven overall, several countries are demonstrating measurable improvements across key indicators

Efni

Four success cases: China cut poverty from 50% (2000) to virtually 0 by 2021, India's lower secondary completion rose from about 60% to 88%, Argentina's share of women in parliament rose from 27% to 41%, and Iraq's internet use reached 81% in 2025.

Uppbygging útlits

Four rows of SDG icon, country flag, sparkline and explanation

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •SDG tiles
  • •flags
  • •sparklines
Síða 60
concept slide

SDGs touch on some of the many diverse aspects of societal and cultural development, their lived individuality and changing complexity

Efni

A word cloud of diversity dimensions (gender identity, race/ethnicity, language, ability, age and more) with a Mahatma Gandhi quote on unity in diversity.

Uppbygging útlits

Overlapping-circle word cloud with a quote and a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •Venn-style circles
  • •varied type weights
  • •quote
Síða 61
map + outlook

The status of human freedom paints a mixed picture - How will global values be shaped in the future?

Efni

The Human Freedom Index has trended down since 2000 to 6.17 (2023), dropping from 6.36 in 2019 to 6.16 in 2021; Switzerland scores highest (9.15) and Syria lowest (3.27), with 91 countries declining and 67 improving; a sidebar lists push-and-pull factors toward 2050.

Uppbygging útlits

Choropleth map with text below and a dark navy outlook panel at right

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •freedom choropleth
  • •dark sidebar with large 2050
Síða 62
comparison chart

Personal and economic freedom are broadly improving, but progress varies among countries and across freedom dimensions

Efni

Freedom scores by area for 2000 vs 2023, e.g. expression 6.8 to 6.2 and association 7.2 to 6.8 down, sound money 6.8 to 7.4 up; only 13.8% of people live in top-quartile jurisdictions and 39.4% in the bottom quartile.

Uppbygging útlits

Two paired horizontal bar charts (personal vs economic) with a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •paired bars
Síða 63
donut chart comparison

Religion is a fundamental personal freedom - All major religious groups are increasing. By 2050, Christians and Muslims will have a near equal share

Efni

From 2020 to 2050, Christians grow from 2.46bn to 3.03bn (31.4%) and Muslims from 2.00bn to 2.86bn (29.6%), while the unaffiliated share falls to 13.2%; about 87% will be religiously affiliated by 2050.

Uppbygging útlits

Two donut charts (7.86bn and 9.65bn totals) with a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •donuts with center totals
Síða 64
map

At the current pace based on a steady country sample, closing the global gender gap will take more than 120 years

Efni

The WEF Global Gender Gap Index 2025 stands at 69.0% across 148 economies, with 123 years to parity; Iceland leads (gap 7.4%), followed by Finland, Norway, the UK and New Zealand.

Uppbygging útlits

World choropleth with a top-10 list and a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •gender gap choropleth
  • •top-10 list
Síða 65
progress bars

Gender parity measured along 4 dimensions highlights greatest room for improvement necessary in political and economic spheres

Efni

Subindex scores: health and survival 96%, education 95%, economic participation 61% and political empowerment 23%; political parity is 162 years away and economic parity 135 years.

Uppbygging útlits

Five horizontal progress bars with a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •filled progress bars
Síða 66
ranking chart

In politics, gender parity remains a distant goal in many countries - Only six major countries have achieved parity

Efni

Women in parliaments: the world average rose from 22% (2015) to 27% (2025); Rwanda (64%), Cuba, Nicaragua, Bolivia, Mexico and the UAE have parity, while Japan is at 10%; parity is not expected before 2063.

Uppbygging útlits

Two ranked horizontal bar charts (2015 vs 2025) with a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •bars with World row bolded
Síða 67
comparison chart

Gender inequality in the economic sphere is a global concern: In every region, the workplace gender gap remains significant - Progress is slow at all levels

Efni

Women held about 30% of managerial positions in 2024 (just under 25% in 2000), led only 163 of the 2,811 MSCI ACWI companies, and board parity may not arrive until 2038; the chart's regional values (e.g. World 45%/55%) do not match the 30% in the text and look like gender splits rather than women's shares.

Uppbygging útlits

Clustered columns by region (2000 vs 2024) with a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •paired columns
  • •World column bolded
Síða 68
segmented bar chart

Aspects of gender diversity and gender identity are legally recognized in a number of countries - Though to varying degrees

Efni

LGBTQ+ legal status in 2025: homosexual activity is legal in 131 countries and illegal in 62, same-sex marriage is legal in 38, the right to change legal gender exists in 32 and non-binary recognition in 17.

Uppbygging útlits

Five segmented 100% horizontal bars with a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •legal/in-between/illegal segments
Síða 69
infographic

Globally, around 1.3 billion people are affected by disability - The disability employment gap is large, even in richer areas like the EU

Efni

1.3bn people (16%) live with significant disability; EU employment gaps in 2024 were 24.0pp for disability, 18.1pp foreign-born women vs men, 15.7pp, 10.8pp and 10.0pp women vs men; OECD disability employment is about 40%.

Uppbygging útlits

Funnel/staircase graphic of gap sizes with people icons and a commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •funnel steps
  • •wheelchair and person icons
Síða 70
map + table

Globally, significant gaps remain in Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, with leading countries advancing while others fall behind

Efni

A 2026 DEI country index map across 188 countries led by Sweden; top risers are Gabon (+16) and Nicaragua (+14), top decliners Liberia (-25) and the United States (-16, from #26 to #43).

Uppbygging útlits

High/mid/low choropleth with two mover tables and bullets below

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •three-tone map
  • •mover tables
Síða 71
survey results

US corporations are rapidly scaling back their DEI efforts following the 2024 election - Reversing prior progress and reshaping hiring outcomes

Efni

A July 2025 survey found reduced hiring of women of color (37%), LGBTQIA+ people (34%) and men of color (33%) after DEI cuts, along with lower morale (47%) and retention of diverse employees (36%).

Uppbygging útlits

Two horizontal bar charts with bullets below

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •horizontal bars
Síða 72
benefits list

In the workplace, fostering diversity, equity, and inclusion practices is key to growth - DEI enhances performance, innovation, and work culture

Efni

Five DEI benefits: talent attraction, innovation, financial performance, employee engagement, and customer and market growth.

Uppbygging útlits

Staggered dark pill headers cascading down with descriptions, large DEI watermark, commentary column

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •stepped pill headers
  • •oversized DEI text
Síða 73
recommendations

Corporate actions - Let's talk about opportunities arising from megatrends regarding people and society

Efni

Actions for companies facing a shrinking talent pool (AI-enabled workforce planning, broader hiring) and changing demographics and urbanization (entering high-growth markets, serving aging customers, smart city infrastructure).

Uppbygging útlits

Impact headers with action bands and a teal sidebar promoting Roland Berger analyses

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •impact arrows icon
  • •vertical Actions label
  • •report thumbnails
Síða 74
recommendations

Corporate actions - Let's talk about opportunities arising from megatrends regarding people and society

Efni

Actions for a more diverse workforce from migration (recruitment, resource groups, multilingual support) and for AI-driven productivity (AI strategy, AI talent, the lights-out factory).

Uppbygging útlits

Impact headers with action bands and a sidebar of Roland Berger offerings

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •action bands
  • •report cover thumbnails
Síða 75
recommendations

Corporate actions - Let's talk about opportunities arising from megatrends regarding people and society

Efni

Actions on evolving DEI expectations: keep DEI fundamentals and transparent reporting, integrate DEI into strategy, rethink talent assessment and engage stakeholders.

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Single impact band with a Think:Act magazine sidebar

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  • •action band
  • •magazine thumbnail
Síða 76
references

Main sources

Efni

Lists the main sources: UN World Population Prospects 2024 and World Urbanization Prospects 2025, IOM World Migration Report 2026, IDMC GRID 2026, OECD International Migration Outlook and Education at a Glance 2025, Wittgenstein Centre, ILO, the UN SDGs and the Cato Human Freedom Index 2025.

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Text list of sources with URLs beside the navigation rail

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •linked source list
Síða 77
team / contact

Authors

Efni

Authors from the Roland Berger Institute: Dr. Christian Krys (Senior Expert), Dr. David Born (Manager) and Steffen Geering (Expert).

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Three circular headshots with names and contacts over a teal photo band

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  • •circular portraits
  • •teal background photo
Síða 78
credits

Photo credit

Efni

Image credits: page 1 VTT Studio/Adobe Stock; pages 77-79 vegefox.com/Adobe Stock.

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Title with credit lines over a full-width photo

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •digital globe photo
Síða 79
closing slide

Back cover

Efni

Closing page with the Roland Berger B logo and wordmark over a digital globe image; no text content.

Uppbygging útlits

Full-bleed image with logo at bottom left and wordmark at bottom right

Helstu sjónrænir þættir

  • •B monogram
  • •network globe image

Algengar spurningar

Algengar spurningar um þessa glæru og undirliggjandi kynningarefni.

What does the Roland Berger Trend Compendium 2050 People & Society report cover?

It is Megatrend 1 of Roland Berger's Trend Compendium 2050, which in this edition lists seven megatrends. It covers four subtrends: population (growth, aging, urbanization), migration (international, forced and climate migration, policy, AI), education and labor (attainment, earnings, skills shortages, generative AI and productivity), and values and culture (human rights, SDGs, freedom, religion, gender parity, DEI). It ends with corporate action recommendations.

What are the key findings on population to 2050?

World population grows from 8.2 billion in 2025 to 9.6 billion in 2050 and peaks at 10.29 billion in 2086. People aged 65+ double from 857 million to 1.6 billion, the global median age rises 5.2 years to 36.1, Africa adds roughly one billion people (+60%), and nearly a third of growth comes from India, Nigeria and Pakistan. The urban share rises from 58% to 67%.

What does it say about migration, work and AI?

There were 304 million international migrants in 2024 (+21.6% since 2015), and 82.2 million internally displaced people in 2025. Remittances to low- and middle-income countries hit a record USD 683 billion in 2024. Under a pessimistic World Bank scenario, up to 216 million people could become internal climate migrants by 2050. On work, studies cited project AI could add up to about 1.3 percentage points a year to US productivity growth under rapid adoption. After ChatGPT, US postings for automation-prone jobs fell 13% while augmentation-prone jobs rose 20%.

Who publishes the Trend Compendium and how often is it updated?

It is compiled by the Roland Berger Institute, the think tank of the strategy consultancy Roland Berger. The Trend Compendium is a long-running series that Roland Berger updates periodically, one volume per megatrend. This People & Society volume is the 2026 Edition, with data through 2025-2026. It deliberately uses public sources such as the UN, OECD, ILO and WEF so the analysis can be checked.

Why is this deck a good example of consulting slide design?

Almost every page uses an action title, a full-sentence headline that states the takeaway, often in two parts joined by a dash. Below it sit one or two sourced charts and a right-hand commentary column. A persistent left rail shows where you are among subtrends 1.1-1.4. Footnotes and sources sit at the bottom of every chart, and the deck closes with impact-and-action pages. It is a useful model for chart-heavy strategy and research decks.

How can I create a similar consulting-style trend report deck?

Start from a document, report or outline. 2Slides can turn it into slides with action titles, chart layouts and an executive summary flow. You can then refine each page around one message and one supporting visual, the way this Roland Berger deck does.

Where can I find the original Roland Berger report?

The original PDF is published by Roland Berger at rolandberger.com (see the source link on this page). The other megatrend volumes of the Trend Compendium 2050 are available from Roland Berger's publications pages.

How many pages is the deck and how is it structured?

It has 79 pages. There is an introduction (pages 1-4), Population (5-21), Migration (22-35), Education & Labor (36-53), Values & Culture (54-72), corporate actions (73-75), then sources, authors and credits (76-79).

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